Fitness: Your Unique Path

The "N of 1" Philosophy: We Are Not Averages

If you are like me, you spend time—I won't admit to how much, but time—scrolling, interacting, and taking in information on social media. For some, this is where they get their news, fitness advice, and stock preparedness information. We are drowning in information but starving for wisdom. In a world of 30-second fitness reels and “mandatory” morning routines, we’ve lost sight of the most important variable in the health equation: You.

The fitness industry is built on "The Average." When you read a study stating that a specific training intervention increased power output by 12%, it’s crucial to remember that "12%" is a mathematical midpoint. In that same study, there were likely "high-responders" who saw a 20% jump and "low-responders" who saw little to no improvement—or perhaps even regressed.

When we take a "proven" plan off a shelf and try to force our lives into its rigid boxes, we are assuming we are the average. But your history, your bone structure, and your specific physiological makeup make you an "N of 1." True progress doesn't come from finding the "best" plan; it comes from finding the plan that your specific body responds to right now.

Physiology of the 40+ Female: The Rules Have Changed

For many of us, the strategies that felt like 'magic' in our 20s and 30s—relentless high-volume weeks, the 'no days off' mantra, or the pressure to drop weight to hit a specific 'racing weight'—start to backfire as we cross the threshold into our 40s and 50s. This isn't a failure of will; it’s a shift in chemistry.

As we navigate the shifts in estrogen and progesterone, our sensitivity to cortisol (the stress hormone) increases. What the "influencer" on your feed might call a "fat-burning workout" might actually be a signal to your 45-year-old nervous system to enter survival mode, clinging to every ounce of energy and stalling your recovery. General fitness advice rarely accounts for the fact that for the female athlete in midlife, "more" is often just "more stress," not "more fitness." We have to stop looking at what worked for us ten years ago and start looking at what supports our physiology today.

The Metric Trap: Data vs. Intuition

We live in an era of unprecedented access to data. We have rings that track our sleep, watches that calculate our Training Stress Score (TSS), and apps that tell us our Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is "low." These are incredible tools, but they have a dark side: they can disconnect us from our own bodies.

In my coaching practice, I advocate for Bio-Feedback Response. Data should be a consultant, not the CEO. If the metrics say "Go" but the body says "No," the body wins every time. This doesn't mean you never push yourself. It means you learn to check your "internal dashboard" during your warm-up. If the power isn't there and your heart rate is skyrocketing during a Zone 2 effort, that's the data that matters more than any training calendar. Learning to distinguish between "I’m just a little unmotivated" and "My systemic recovery is tanked" is the most valuable skill an endurance athlete can develop. It’s the difference between a successful season and a season-ending injury.

Stability, Mobility, and the Myth of "Perfect" Form

As a rehab therapist and mobility specialist, I often see clients who are terrified to move because they’ve been told their "form" isn't textbook. They’ve been told there is one "right" way to squat or one "efficient" way to strike the ground while running.

The reality is that your anatomy is your destiny to some degree. The depth of your hip sockets, the length of your femurs, and the history of every ankle sprain or old surgery you’ve ever had dictate how your body moves most safely. When we force a square peg into a round hole—like demanding a deep squat from someone with shallow hip sockets—we aren’t building fitness; we’re building a compensation pattern that eventually ends up on my rehab table.

There is no "perfect" form that applies to everyone. There is only functional form—the movement pattern that allows you to produce power, move with ease, and remain pain-free. When we stop trying to look like a stock photo of an athlete and start moving in a way that respects our unique levers and joints, we unlock a level of performance that "perfect" form could never provide.

The Systemic Load: Stress is Stress

One of the biggest misconceptions in endurance sports is that our training exists in a vacuum. We look at our training calendar and see "60-minute tempo run," but our bodies see "Systemic Load."

The body does not have a separate 'bucket' for training stress, work stress, family stress, and lack of sleep. It’s all one bucket. If your work life is at a 9/10 stress level, a 9/10 intensity workout doesn't make you 'tougher'—it overflows the bucket. This leaves you with zero remaining capacity to handle the physical demands of your training, especially the high-intensity sessions that require your nervous system to be at its best.

The "right" way to train is the way that fits into the context of your actual life. Sometimes, the most "athletic" thing you can do for your long-term health is to trade a high-intensity session for a gentle mobility flow or an extra hour of sleep. True health isn't about hitting every green box on a training app; it’s about maintaining the capacity to show up for your life with energy and resilience.

Reclaiming Your Authority

There is no one right way to get to the finish line first, and there is certainly no one right way to be "healthy." The "truth" is only true if it works for the person staring back at you in the mirror.

As you navigate the sea of information out there, I encourage you to be a skeptic. Test things. Listen to your bio-feedback. Respect your stage of life. Most importantly, remember that you are the ultimate authority on your own body.

Is Your Plan Working With or Against You?

It’s easy to download a training plan; it’s much harder to know when to pivot. If you’re tired of trying to fit your life into a rigid box that wasn’t built for your 40+ physiology, your injury history, or your current stress levels, let’s talk.

Does your current plan pass the "Bucket Test"?

• Are you seeing progress, or just accumulating fatigue?

• Is your mobility supporting your sport or creating "workarounds"?

• Are you training for the athlete you were ten years ago, or the powerhouse you are today?

You don’t have to guess. Whether you need a one-time consultation to audit your current strategy or ongoing coaching to help you reach that next finish line, I’m here to help you become the expert on your own "N of 1."

Making Peace with the Season You’re In

As I sat down to write this blog, it became clear that I’ve really been going through it this past year. That realization pulled me back to my story — the story of a female athlete and coach navigating change, setbacks, and growth.

Recently, my business coach reminded me how powerful it can be to revisit old writing. So I reread past blogs and noticed something interesting: the last time I wrote about my story was also in February. February of last year.

There’s something about late winter that invites reflection. It’s the in-between season. Not the excitement of January. Not the bloom of spring. Just stillness. A space to look at how things went, how we hoped they would go, and how we understand them now.

This year, that reflection hasn’t been easy.

The past year brought multiple injuries — mostly back-related — along with a frozen shoulder that showed up uninvited. From a fitness standpoint, it felt like I wasn’t moving forward at all. In many ways, it felt like I had taken steps backward.

Before my first back injury, I had numbers in my head:
A 200-pound deadlift.
A 185-pound back squat.
A 125-pound clean & jerk.
Another podium finish at Duathlon Nationals.

I could see it. I could feel it.

And then… none of it happened.

Not one goal.

Was I mad? Absolutely.
Did I feel betrayed by my body? Yes.
Am I still working on letting that go? Every day.

What no one prepares you for is the quiet grief when your body doesn’t respond the way it used to. The grief of slower recovery. Of heavier weights. Of realizing you can’t outwork everything anymore.

And for women, this isn’t just aging — it’s physiology.

Perimenopause can feel like your body rewrote the rulebook without telling you. Hormones shift. Recovery changes. Sleep changes. Stress tolerance changes. And instead of acknowledging that, most of us just push harder. We assume we’re not disciplined enough.

I did.

I trained through pain. I compared myself to a version of me that no longer exists. I felt like I was falling behind — behind my goals, behind my expectations, behind who I thought I should be by now.

But here’s the part that makes this story bigger than injury.

When I couldn’t train the way I wanted to, I poured myself into my business and my relationships. I built. I connected. I grew. In many ways, I reached a level professionally that I’ve been chasing for nearly ten years.

So no — I wasn’t moving backward.

I was just growing in a different direction.

This winter forced me to slow down. And in that stillness, I had to face something uncomfortable: I wasn’t actually doing what I needed to recover. I was operating from pride. From ego. From “I’ve been doing this long enough to figure it out.”

I assumed I knew what was wrong instead of asking, “What’s happening in this season of my body?”

So I finally did. I got evaluated for what’s real right now — not what was true twenty years ago.

Letting go of my old expectations — and the expectations I thought others had of me — felt like peeling off layers of pressure I didn’t even realize I was carrying.

I’m not magically healed. I’m still working through back issues. But now I’m addressing what’s actually in front of me instead of fighting ghosts.

And maybe that’s the lesson.

To the women navigating perimenopause, slower recovery, frustration, or unexpected setbacks: you are not broken. You are not done. You are in transition.

Sometimes the way forward isn’t more discipline.

Sometimes it’s support.
Sometimes it’s reflection.
Sometimes it’s admitting you don’t have it all figured out.

Sometimes strength is allowing yourself to begin again — from exactly where you are.

If you’re in a season where your body feels unfamiliar, where recovery looks different, or where you’re questioning what’s next — you don’t have to navigate it alone. This is the work I care deeply about.

Maybe that’s why February keeps calling me back to my story. It’s the quiet season that asks for honesty. Two years in a row, this month has asked me to pause, to look clearly at where I am, and to release who I thought I was supposed to be.

Maybe February isn’t about evaluating progress at all.

Maybe it’s about making peace with the season you’re in — and trusting that growth is still happening, even when it looks different than you planned.

Year in Motion: Celebrating Wins and Setting Intentions

 

As we approach the end of the year, it’s a natural time to pause, reflect, and celebrate the journey we’ve been on—both in fitness and in life. For many of us, 2025 was a year of movement, growth, and learning how to listen to our bodies in new ways. Whether it was tackling a new training goal, improving mobility, or simply showing up consistently despite the ups and downs, there’s a lot to be proud of.

This year, my blogs have explored a wide range of topics—from navigating diet culture, to overcoming open water fears, to breaking through age-related limitations, and focusing on mobility and recovery. Each month, my goal was to provide insight, guidance, and practical tools to help women over 40 train smarter, stay resilient, and honor their bodies.

As we close out the year, here are a few takeaways to carry with you:

1. Consistency Beats Perfection – Progress is made one step at a time, whether in training, mobility, or mindset. Small wins accumulate into lasting change.

2. Listen to Your Body – Soreness, fatigue, or discomfort is information, not a setback. Honor it, adjust, and use it to grow stronger.

3. Celebrate Non-Scale Victories – It’s not always about PRs or race results. Completing a swim you once feared, mastering a mobility sequence, or simply showing up consistently are wins worth celebrating.

4. Rest is Productive – Incorporating pauses, recovery days, and mobility work isn’t slacking—it’s essential for long-term performance and health.

As we look ahead to 2026, I’m excited to dive deeper into strength, endurance, and recovery strategies tailored for women navigating peri- and post-menopause. We’ll explore how to train smarter, move more freely, and push limits safely—all while honoring the rhythms of our bodies.

Take these final weeks of the year to reflect, move mindfully, and set intentions for the year ahead. Celebrate what you’ve accomplished, and get ready to step into the new year stronger, wiser, and more empowered than ever.

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End-of-Year Checklist for Your Body and Mind

1. Reflect on Wins – Write down at least 3 training or mobility victories from the year, big or small.

2. Prioritize Mobility – Spend 10–15 minutes each day on stretches or exercises you may have skipped during busy months.

3. Plan Rest Days – Schedule intentional recovery days during the holidays to recharge without guilt.

4. Set Intentions, Not Just Goals – Focus on how you want to feel in the new year, not just what you want to achieve.

5. Move for Joy – Include at least one activity this month that makes you feel good—swim, bike, walk, or stretch—without focusing on performance.

Enjoy your holidays! Take this time to relax, reflect, and connect with your family and friends. I’d love to hear about your goals and intentions for the new year—share them with me, and most importantly, go out and enjoy life!

Thank you for being part of this journey with me. If you found this blog or any of my content helpful, please feel free to share it with your friends or anyone you think may benefit. Let’s continue to move, grow, and thrive together into the new year!

New Adventure: 50K Trail Race

 Uhm yeah I said it, 50K trail race! To be honest when my coach even suggested I do one I laughed inside. To date I've only done one Marathon and it was part of an Ironman distance triathlon. I've also done several half Marathon races. The half marathon is my favorite distance running race by far with 10K coming in a close second. So to even consider a 50K I must be crazy. 

I've always loved to try new things. Ever since I was a kid I loved experiencing new things, and that is still part of who I am today. However today there is a little bit of fear mixed in, you know that age thing reminds you you aren't invincible anymore, yeah that's me now. Good news though, this won't kill me but it surely will challenge me.  

So how far is 50K? It's approximately 31.1 miles. Yep that is LONGER than a marathon. I know you're thinking I'm crazy. I thought that too until I looked into this thing that's called Ultra racing. 50K is actually the shortest distance race, and I just found one that is a 240 mile race in Moab, Utah. YIKES!

After looking through the Ultra races my coach suggested, and chatting with some people who have done Ultra races, the thought of this new challenge started to create a feeling of excitement within me. This excitement started to create thoughts of how will I make this race happen. What is it like to do this distance? Is there anything I need equipment wise? What will my training be? Hey wait, I'll be able to go and train in new places, not to mention being able to race in a new place. My smile kept getting bigger and bigger, until finally I said yes! 

Next it came down to actually choosing a race. I went with the Capstone 50K in St. George, Utah because their events are still being held, and I can drive there from where I live. 

Now how do you train for this event? Lots of time spend on my feet, but also just as much time off my feet recovering. Not to mention better attention to my nutrition throughout the day and during my runs now. I'm going to have to learn to eat while running, whereas before my races were short enough that I could eat 3 hours before my race, then a snack 15 minutes before and I was set to go except for some water along the way. Now I will be on my feet racing for potentially up to 7 hours, and my body WILL need nutrition throughout.

The race in Utah is set up to be 5 laps of a 10K loop, with each lap having about 800 to 900 feet of vertical elevation. This also means I won't have to pack everything I need for the entire 50K in my pack, and they have a smorgosbord at the lap counter place. For now it's off the the planning table and off for my first couple weeks of training.   

Women Need to Build Muscle

Recently I was having a conversation with a fellow fitness expert and the topic of getting women to build muscle came up. The biggest fear many women have of working out is building too much muscle, they fear they will "look like a man". Well fear not ladies! The chance of you looking like Mrs Olympia from working out 2 hours a week lifting weights is so slim I'd bet on it, well unless you are shooting up with steroids.

Now, I happen to think that women with a healthy amount of muscles look virile and vibrant,  and well very attractive.  However, if the fear of gaining too much muscle is stopping you from using heavy weights well please don't let this stop you.

Most women are not going to build more muscle than they want from lifting weights. They will build some muscle and be stronger than they were before, but it is very difficult for women to build huge, bulky, muscles. In fact, most men find this difficult as well. The bodybuilding supplement industry makes millions of dollars each year because building a lot of muscle is so difficult.

Although it is possible for women to build big muscles, it is very difficult and you would need to work out with VERY HEAVY WEIGHTS on a regular basis (5 days a week for 2-3 hours a day). I add this because I certainly don't want to perpetuate the myth that it absolutely isn't possible for women to build large amounts of muscle. The reason that most bodybuilding information for women states that it isn't possible is so that women who are afraid of building too much muscle by working out with weights will finally pick some up and work out. It is possible to build big muscles if you are a woman, however, in order to attain them it would have to be your goal to do so. It won't just happen by accident, you would purposely have to work hard to build them.

There are also health benefits to being stronger and having more muscle (these are just a few):

1. Increased metabolic rate - This is the rate at which your body burns calories at rest. The more muscle mass you have the higher your body's metabolic burn rate is while you are sitting, and sleeping.

2. Decreased risk of osteoporosis - This is because your bones need to be strong enough to support the increased amount of muscle. Bone tissue is dynamic and your bones will respond to the increased demand placed on them by becoming stronger.

3. Being physically weak isn't safe (for anyone) - The stronger you are the more likely that you will be able to defend yourself if you ever need to. Plus you will find certain tasks easier, such as carrying in the groceries, moving furniture, or whatever heavy lifting you may encounter in your everyday life.

4. Improved Balance, blood sugar control, sleep and mental health


If you don't believe me, then try gradually increasing the amount of weight you use when you work out and you will see big improvements in your muscle tone, overall appearance and even feeling energized longer, but you will not see the development of huge bulky muscles.

As always if you have questions or concerns about this topic please feel free to post a comment or contact me directly at VeloFit@gmail.com

Thanks for reading. 

The Core of the Matter

Everyone is talking about Core Strength these days.  It seems like all they want is a strong core, and beautiful six pack abs.  Well ok fine and dandy for some, but my belief is that we as humans need to have a strong core for support in our everyday activities (ADL’s) and sporting activities.  Through the strong core and a healthy diet yes you can have beautiful six pack abs, but does it make you run faster, swim more efficiently, bike longer? Quite simply, Yes. However, a more detailed explanation is needed.

Let’s begin with our ‘core’ muscles and what they consist of.  Our core consists of the muscles that both stabilize and mobilize our trunk, so these muscles include all of the abdominal muscle groups (deep, superficial, lateral, medial, superior and inferior), the gluteal group, hamstrings, low back musculature, hip flexors, and quadriceps. Below is a detailed picture of all the "core" muscles.

Basically stated all the muscles that fall between the chest and the knees are in some way involved in our “Core”.  When these muscles are all functioning properly they can provide an individual with many positive performance benefits. These positive benefits include but are not limited to injury prevention, improved balance, support of better posture; in relation to sport, it will improve your efficiency, and increase your stability and stamina thus improving your sports performance. Increasing your core strength will allow you to go further without fatiguing as quickly because you have a stronger platform off of which you can perform your activities.

Here is an analogy for you to ponder.  Imagine a tree with a trunk so thin you could wrap your arms around it, then look up the tree and notice its branches which are much thicker than the trunk.  The branches by themselves are strong indeed, but when the wind gusts up and blows the branches so hard that the trunk bows and breaks due to the weight of the branches and lack of stability in the truck.   The same is true for us, if our core is weak and our extremities are strong we can push hard or run fast but at some point there will be that one movement that puts so much stress on your core, more so than it can handle and now you have an injury.  This doesn’t sound good right?  Right!

So there are a few questions to ask.  How often do we need to spend focusing on our core muscles with strength specific exercises and what specific exercises should we be focusing on?  I wish I could give you a simple answer, but that isn’t possible because we all have different needs.  However based on what I deal with most often, that being the endurance athlete I will base my answer there.

Spending about 2 hours a week (in half hour segments to start if needed) on core strength training is ideal for an individual that might be training 10 or more hours a week. Gradually add this into your training if this is new to you however. Your training session should include upper and lower body strength training which ultimately engages the core in order to perform the exercises as well. As you improve, you can add more core specific work into your routine.

Rather than plain sit-ups, a few triathlon specific core exercises are listed below.  Give them a try who knows what improvements you may see in your next event. And, if you are looking for a fun yet challenging core only workout try (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNqD5aENR8A ) it will be a challenge I guarantee.  

Plank and hold for 30-90 seconds

Frog Plank, hold plank on hands or elbows begin by rotating right knee away from body and bringing it up toward your right elbow, set foot back in place and repeat with left leg.  Continue alternating knees till you reach 15-30 repetitions per side

Plank with feet on stability ball and begin to bring your knees to your chest by rolling your feet in on the ball.

Side Plank on the ground, hold for 30-90 seconds

Push ups

Chest Press single arm laying on a stability ball, holding a bridge with hips

Single Leg Bridge

Bridge and hold with feet marching

Dead Lifts

Front Squats

Bent Over Unsupported Dumbbell Rows

Kettle Bell Halos

Kettle bell Swings

And the list can go on and on…

So build time into your training routine to add core strength training and your improvements will not only show up in your performance but your health and longevity in the sport will increase too.

If you have questions please feel free to contact me at VeloFit@gmail.com

Stay Fit Stay Healthy with NORTH FITNESS, Your Direction to Health and Fitness!

Aerobic Base Training = Going Slower to Get Faster

That's right! Building a successful base by training at a slower, aerobic pace, will actually help your overall endurance sport performance - Jamii North,  NORTH FITNESS     

One of the hardest concepts for an athlete to understand and implement is base training. It is counterintuitive to run or bike slowly in order to gain performance later in the season. It is also very difficult to take a step back from the intense training you were doing a few weeks ago, and bring the speed and pace way down. But if you have the discipline to train aerobically for a period of time, when everyone else is still hammering away, it will pay you great dividends down the road.

First and foremost you need to take a break from your sport of choice if you haven’t already. I prescribe a 3-4 week transition phase at the end of each season and immediately follow it with base training. Transition is a time to rest and recover both physically and mentally. We do not take total time off because the fitness loss takes too long to make up. Instead I give my athletes maximum flexibility with their training, plenty of rest, and tell them to leave the heart rate monitor at home. This gives them a few weeks to refocus before we begin structured base training. You cannot train hard year round without taking regular periods of reduced volume and intensity. If you attempt to you will in all likelihood find yourself burned out, over trained, and perhaps injured. You will also find your performance degrading rather than improving. Most athletes build base in the fall and winter when there are not a lot of races.

Physiology of base training

There are two basic energy systems you use when training; anaerobic and aerobic. Unfortunately, you cannot build both your aerobic and anaerobic systems at the same time with great success. The idea behind base training is to train your aerobic energy system specifically and solely. Why is this important? The more work you perform aerobically, or in the presence of oxygen, the more efficient you are. Prolonged aerobic training produces muscular adaptations that improves oxygen transport to the muscles, reduces the rate of lactate production, improves the rate of lactate removal, and increases energy production and utilization which all occur slowly.

Fat being the primary fuel source for the aerobic energy system, over the course of a base period your body learns to more readily break down and utilize fat as an energy source. As an added bonus this adaptation helps post exercise fat metabolism as well. This is an important factor, especially for long distance athletes. The fat we have in our bodies could provide enough energy to perform long distance events back to back, whereas muscle glycogen depletion can occur in as little as one hour. The less muscle glycogen you utilize, the more efficient you are. Contrary to the aerobic system, the anaerobic system consumes carbohydrate rapidly and the byproduct is lactic acid.  This system is used up in a relatively short amount of time, but allows for very high intensity bursts.

Other adaptations of aerobic training include increased stroke volume of the heart, capillary density, and mitochondrial density. Stroke volume increase simply means that your heart pumps more blood per beat. Mitochondria are structures within muscle cells that produce energy from fat and carbohydrate oxidation. Regular endurance training has been shown to double the concentration of these structures. By increasing capillary density we can effectively transport more blood to the working muscles. The process of building capillaries occurs gradually. Because high stress training breaks down capillaries, base training is best for allowing the slow growth of capillaries.

Base progression

There should be progression during base season as with any other training period. I normally prescribe 12-16 weeks of base training every year. This will vary with athlete's fitness level, and the type of event they will be peaking for. Over the course of base I progress from the low end of the aerobic energy system and gradually proceed in steps to the high end. The heart rate zones I use fall into the 75-90% range of lactate threshold or 65-85% of max heart rate. I also incorporate specific strength training at an aerobic level. This entails different types of high cadence cycling and slow hill running or even walking. These work outs also increase in volume throughout base. Base training is an excellent time to work on form and economy as well. As intensities increase later in the season it is harder for the athlete to concentrate on form. By establishing good economy habits early in the season the athlete will carry them forward. It also important to keep the athlete's mind moving with drills and technique work when they are training at low intensity to keep boredom at bay. Base training does not mean you will never move fast. Run strides, foot speed drills, and fast pedal work will all be integrated but for short bursts and few repetitions. Towards the end of base I start power work but use brief durations and full recovery between efforts.

How does this transfer into performance gain?

Let me give you a hypothetical example. Suppose athlete Susie runs a 7 min. mile at lactate threshold. Her fastest aerobic pace, or aerobic threshold, is an 8 min. mile. We start off Susie's base training at the low end aerobic zones at which she runs a 9 min. mile pace. Over the course of her 12 week base program the above mentioned adaptations occur. At the end of the base season she now runs a 7:30 min. mile- aerobically. This is the base for Susie to build on for the rest of her season. Improving on the previous season is now more obtainable with proper training. If Susie's race is an Iron Man in which the aerobic energy system is used predominantly this improvement in aerobic speed is crucial.

Now the hard part?

The hard part of base training is having the discipline to train at these low intensities. It may mean running very slowly or even walking. It may mean separating from your training group in order to pursue your individual goals. It also means avoiding the contest of egos that group training often turns into. If you can find a training partner with similar goals and fitness level you may be able to train with them, but more often than not what I see is a base work gone awry when taking part on group rides and runs. Even spending short amounts of time above your aerobic zone degrades the work out.

Ride slow and you too can enjoy the GREAT views!

The area between the top of the aerobic threshold and anaerobic threshold is somewhat of a no man’s land of fitness. It is a mix of aerobic and anaerobic states. For the amount of effort the athlete puts forth, not a whole lot of fitness is produced. It does not train the aerobic or anaerobic energy system to a high degree. This area does have its place in training; it is just not in base season. Unfortunately this area is where I find a lot of athletes spending the majority of their seasons, which seriously slows their aerobic development. The athletes heart rate shoots up to this zone with little power or speed being produced when it gets there.

Another issue is having accurate zones. I regularly performance test my athletes in order to ensure their zones are correct and to confirm their training. After performing many of these tests, and comparing them to race data, I get a very clear estimate of lactate threshold. I use a percentage of LTHR to determine individual zones. I also recommend validation through clinical testing (yes an actual blood draw, though expensive is very informative). I have witnessed athletes using zones that are several years old, assuming fitness has improved over this time their zones would no longer be accurate and they may have spent an entire base season training the wrong energy system.

You have to let your anaerobic system atrophy during base in order to have a sustainable level of fitness to now work at the higher intensities. This means you will lose some of your anaerobic endurance and the ability to sustain speed near lactate threshold. Expect to lose some top end coming out of base, but this is what you are going to spend the rest of your season working on. It often takes several seasons to see the result of sound base training if you are a novice athlete. Be patient, it is a process that is slow and cannot be rushed, but the sooner you get started the faster you will be amazed at your results.

Now get out there are start riding slowly!