Breaking Aging Limits: Why Female Triathletes Over 40 Should Consider Creatine

In 2018, at 41 years old, I was at a personal fitness high. I had qualified to represent Team USA at the World Multisport Championships in Odense, Denmark for duathlon. I was running 6:30-minute miles with ease, holding 21 mph on the bike, and lifting what I thought were heavy weights. I felt strong, fast, and in control.

Then COVID hit.

Like many athletes, my race calendar disappeared, and over the next couple of years, so did some of my fitness. When I decided in 2023 to refocus my training, I expected a bit of rust—but I wasn’t prepared for the storm that followed. Suddenly I was dealing with wildly uncontrolled periods, sleepless nights, severe hot flashes that forced wardrobe changes multiple times a day and night, and—perhaps most frustrating of all—a body that just wouldn’t recover like it used to.

Eventually, I realized I had entered perimenopause.

With that knowledge came change. I began small: limiting screen time before bed, swapping hot coffee for cold fluids in the afternoon, cutting back from four cups of coffee to two, and dialing back processed sugar. Blood work revealed deeper needs—vitamin D, K, B vitamins, and some other stuff I wasn’t ready for.

Even then, the progress was slow—then, I connected with Midi Health, a platform focused specifically on women’s health, and they really know their stuff for women over 40. With their guidance, I added hormone therapy. The combination of lifestyle changes, targeted supplements (omega-3s, iodine in addition to vitamin D, K and a B multivitamin), and HRT was a turning point, but still something was missing. My hot flashes were nearly gone, my brain fog had lifted and the sun was shining through, but I was still sluggish in my training and needed more recovery than ever before. It wasn’t until I added in the BCAA's and creatine as daily supplements that I noticed improvements in my fitness, not just my overall health.

Today, I’m back to running 6:45 miles, biking at 21 mph, and lifting heavier than ever—165-pound back squats and 190-pound deadlifts—at 120 pounds and 19% body fat. And I’m here to say this: creatine was one of the quiet powerhouses in my return to sport.

Triathlon, Aging, and the Female Physiology

According to the Endurance Sports Participant Study by Eventbrite (2014), participation in endurance sports is growing among women, particularly those between 35 and 54. For us triathletes, who juggle the demands of swim, bike, and run, aging brings unique challenges: reduced muscle mass, slower recovery, and fluctuating hormones. These factors make strategic supplementation not just helpful—but potentially essential.

Enter creatine, a supplement long misunderstood as a muscle-builder for male weightlifters. New research suggests it could be just as beneficial—if not more so—for female endurance athletes, especially those tackling the physical and mental rigors of triathlon in their 40s and beyond.

Creatine is More Than a Muscle Builder

Creatine has been pigeonholed as a gym supplement, but the science paints a much broader picture. Studies by Cooper et al. (2012) and Buford et al. (2007) highlight creatine’s role in improving energy metabolism, muscle function, and high-intensity performance. For triathletes—who regularly push through hard intervals and long endurance sessions—these benefits are directly applicable.

But there’s more: Candow et al. (2023) and Rae et al. (2003) connect creatine to brain health, improved memory, and cognitive resilience. That’s especially relevant in triathlon, where focus, pacing strategy, and mental stamina are just as important as physical strength.

Endurance Performance and Creatine

One reason endurance athletes have avoided creatine is the fear of water retention or unnecessary weight gain. But recent studies are challenging that notion.

• The 2023 meta-analysis by Fernández-Landa et al. shows that creatine supplementation enhances endurance performance, especially by improving time to exhaustion and training capacity in already fit individuals.
  
  

• Gras et al. (2021) also found improvements in VO₂ max—a key indicator of aerobic fitness and a cornerstone metric for triathletes.
  
  

These findings are particularly valuable for older women, who may face natural declines in muscle power and mitochondrial function. Creatine can support both, allowing triathletes to maintain intensity in training and efficiency on race day.

Debunking the Myths of Hydration, Cramps, and Safety

Many triathletes have heard myths: creatine causes bloating, cramps, or even kidney issues. However:

• Dalbo et al. (2008) and Lopez et al. (2009) found no evidence linking creatine to dehydration or heat-related performance issues—even in endurance conditions.
  
  

• Long-term studies, such as those by Kreider et al. (2017) and Poortmans & Francaux (2000), affirm creatine’s safety, including in older adults, when taken at recommended doses.
  
  

As for the “bulkiness” myth? While creatine does increase intracellular water in muscle, this doesn’t translate to bloating or mass gain in endurance athletes. In fact, this extra hydration may support thermoregulation—a bonus during hot races or long bricks.

What About Women Specifically?

Historically, most supplement research has focused on young men. But that's changing. As Antonia et al. (2021) note, many outdated creatine misconceptions are rooted in research that didn’t include women.

Emerging data shows creatine may offer unique benefits for women, particularly those in perimenopause or menopause. Hormonal shifts impact both muscle and brain function—areas where creatine can offer meaningful support. Bemben & Lamont (2005) suggest creatine may enhance neuromuscular performance during aging—a crucial edge for any triathlete facing the grind of multiple disciplines.

Practical Guidelines for Female Triathletes Over 40

If you're a woman over 40 training for triathlons or other endurance events and considering creatine, here’s what science recommends:

1. Start with 3–5 grams per day: No need for loading phases. Just a small, consistent daily dose.
   
   

2. Stay hydrated: Standard triathlon/endurance sport hydration practices apply, but creatine doesn’t require extra precautions.
   
   

3. Be consistent: Benefits accrue over time, so daily use (not just around races) is key.
   
   

4. Pair it with strength and interval training: Creatine shines when combined with demanding workouts—just like the ones in your training plan.
   
   

Fueling the Next Chapter of Your Over 40 Body

For the growing community of female triathletes over 40, creatine supplementation offers a compelling, science-backed way to optimize training, enhance recovery, and support long-term brain and muscle health. It’s not about chasing youth—it’s about powerfully supporting the body and brain through smart, intentional fueling.

If you need actual results, look at mine. Remember I mentioned I have declining brain function, weakness, increased need for recovery, and after adding in a consistent 5g of creatine, daily, for about 2 months I really started to feel the difference.

Triathlon is as much about resilience as it is speed—and creatine may just be another tool in your endurance toolkit, helping you push longer, recover faster, and stay sharp from swim start to finish line.

1. Eventbrite Report. (2014). Endurance Sports Participant Study. Retrieved from https://eventbrite-s3.s3.amazonaws.com/marketing/britepapers/Endurance_Report_Survey.pdf

2. Cooper, R., et al. (2012, July 20). Creatine supplementation with specific view to exercise/sports performance: an update. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22817979/

3. Buford, T., et al. (2007, August 30). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: creatine supplementation and exercise. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2048496/

4. Candow, D., et al. (2023, June 27). “Heads Up” for Creatine Supplementation and its Potential Applications for Brain Health and Function. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37368234/

5. Rae, C., Digney, A., McEwan, S., & Bates, T. (2003, October 22). Oral creatine monohydrate supplementation improves brain performance: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691485/

6. Fernández-Landa, J. et al. (2023, May). Effects of Creatine Monohydrate on Endurance Performance in a Trained Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36877404/

7. Gras, D., et al. (2021, December 3). Creatine supplementation and VO2max: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34859731/

8. Dalbo, V. et al. (2008, July). Putting to rest the myth of creatine supplementation leading to muscle cramps and dehydration. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18184753/

9. Lopez, R., et al. (2009, April). Does Creatine Supplementation Hinder Exercise Heat Tolerance or Hydration Status? A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2657025/

10. Kreider, R., et al. (2017, June). International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28615996/

11. Poortmans, J. & Francaux, M. (2000, September). Adverse effects of creatine supplementation: fact or fiction? Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10999421/

12. Antonia, J., et al. (2021, February).Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show? Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33557850/

13. Bemben, M. & Lamont, H. (2005). Creatine supplementation and exercise

performance: recent findings. Retrieved from

            https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15707376/

Endurance Sports: Building Your Training Plan for the Year

As you may have figured out by now, I have been sharing lots of information about training for women specifically in peri and post menopause. Historically they have been left out of research, access to sport and even consideration for inclusion not to mention no information on how to train when the body and hormones are changing. It's highly important for me to share this information as this group is in dire need of movement in all the ways they can get it. This blog entry however, is about general population plan building for endurance sport athletes. This is not to say peri and post menopause women can't use this information, it just means once you get through this, there will be need for further adjustments after you've completed your plan.

Selecting Races/Events, Understanding Limiters

When planning for endurance sports, there are so many irons in the fire we need to keep in balance it may seem nearly impossible to know how to build your plan. I like to start by having my athletes fill out a year calendar, plot out a few races or events they want to do, then sit back and think on it for a bit. Once my athletes are sure this is what they want, then we can start.

Next step is to decide what your priority/A race is, this is the race you really want to do and or do very well at. You may have a couple of these but not all of your races should be signified as an A race.

The race schedule is up, your priority race(s) are chosen. Now we need to talk about limiters. Limiters are goal-specific weaknesses that decrease the chances of accomplishing a race/season goal. An example would be; you want to place well at a race that is very hilly, but you don't climb hills well. However, not all weaknesses are limiters. Let's say your weakness is hill climbing, but your race is pancake flat, your weakness will not be a limiter for that race.

How do you know what your limiter is? You have a limiter when your weakness matches up with the demands of a race. Once you know your limiters, you will be able to plan workout types based on abilities required to make progress toward your goals.

Periodization

We now need to understand the different periods of the year, otherwise known as periodization. This is how you break up your training segments of the year. These segments are Prep, Base, Build, Peak &Race (Taper), and Transition or Offseason.

Prep lasting about a month, is the first step and it consists of doing light exercise for fun. Using this time to focus on other sports, and in addition building up a good foundation of strength and mobility.

Base can last 2 to 3 months and focusses on low intensity, high volume training to build your foundation of aerobic endurance and durability. This prepares the body for the next phase, Build, where higher-intensity work, focusing on heart rate, power and paces where you are kept just under lactate threshold happen. This is also a good time to plan in some skill work, and start looking at your fueling needs to start creating a nutrition plan.

Build can last another 2 to 3 months depending on the length of your event. Here the focus shifts from aerobic volume building to increasing intensity and working on your specific limiters. Early on the focus will be adding intervals near lactate threshold, and steady state tempo workouts. As this phase progresses, higher intensity intervals at suprathreshold to maximal intensity is added to improve force, power and anaerobic capacity. You should also focus on course specific training. For example, hill repeats for hills races. Lastly is dialing in your fueling here is critical, and shifting your strength training from strength and power building to maintenance.

Taper which is two phases Peak and Race usually happened about 2 weeks out from your event. This taper phase involves decreasing workout duration and total volume, by anywhere between 20 to 50 percent decrease per week leafing into your event. Race specific intensity should be maintained in your workouts, but putting a rest day or two between workouts is key to keeping you sharp and not overloaded before your event. You are trying to maintain the fitness and decrease fatigue in order to optimize race performance.

Transition/Offseason

What happens after your event/race? That depends. In general 5-7 days of pure recovery is necessary, with even longer at the end of your season. If the time between races is several months apart, move back through base and build periods according to your needs. You should focus more on base for longer races, and build for the shorter ones. And if that's it for your year, recover for several weeks, prepare for a pew more then begin the cycle again.

However you choose to break down the phases, periodization can help you build fitness, decrease the odds of burnout and injury, and maintain motivation. I hope these guidelines help you plan for your next race/event season.

The Core of the Matter

Everyone is talking about Core Strength these days.  It seems like all they want is a strong core, and beautiful six pack abs.  Well ok fine and dandy for some, but my belief is that we as humans need to have a strong core for support in our everyday activities (ADL’s) and sporting activities.  Through the strong core and a healthy diet yes you can have beautiful six pack abs, but does it make you run faster, swim more efficiently, bike longer? Quite simply, Yes. However, a more detailed explanation is needed.

Let’s begin with our ‘core’ muscles and what they consist of.  Our core consists of the muscles that both stabilize and mobilize our trunk, so these muscles include all of the abdominal muscle groups (deep, superficial, lateral, medial, superior and inferior), the gluteal group, hamstrings, low back musculature, hip flexors, and quadriceps. Below is a detailed picture of all the "core" muscles.

Basically stated all the muscles that fall between the chest and the knees are in some way involved in our “Core”.  When these muscles are all functioning properly they can provide an individual with many positive performance benefits. These positive benefits include but are not limited to injury prevention, improved balance, support of better posture; in relation to sport, it will improve your efficiency, and increase your stability and stamina thus improving your sports performance. Increasing your core strength will allow you to go further without fatiguing as quickly because you have a stronger platform off of which you can perform your activities.

Here is an analogy for you to ponder.  Imagine a tree with a trunk so thin you could wrap your arms around it, then look up the tree and notice its branches which are much thicker than the trunk.  The branches by themselves are strong indeed, but when the wind gusts up and blows the branches so hard that the trunk bows and breaks due to the weight of the branches and lack of stability in the truck.   The same is true for us, if our core is weak and our extremities are strong we can push hard or run fast but at some point there will be that one movement that puts so much stress on your core, more so than it can handle and now you have an injury.  This doesn’t sound good right?  Right!

So there are a few questions to ask.  How often do we need to spend focusing on our core muscles with strength specific exercises and what specific exercises should we be focusing on?  I wish I could give you a simple answer, but that isn’t possible because we all have different needs.  However based on what I deal with most often, that being the endurance athlete I will base my answer there.

Spending about 2 hours a week (in half hour segments to start if needed) on core strength training is ideal for an individual that might be training 10 or more hours a week. Gradually add this into your training if this is new to you however. Your training session should include upper and lower body strength training which ultimately engages the core in order to perform the exercises as well. As you improve, you can add more core specific work into your routine.

Rather than plain sit-ups, a few triathlon specific core exercises are listed below.  Give them a try who knows what improvements you may see in your next event. And, if you are looking for a fun yet challenging core only workout try (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNqD5aENR8A ) it will be a challenge I guarantee.  

Plank and hold for 30-90 seconds

Frog Plank, hold plank on hands or elbows begin by rotating right knee away from body and bringing it up toward your right elbow, set foot back in place and repeat with left leg.  Continue alternating knees till you reach 15-30 repetitions per side

Plank with feet on stability ball and begin to bring your knees to your chest by rolling your feet in on the ball.

Side Plank on the ground, hold for 30-90 seconds

Push ups

Chest Press single arm laying on a stability ball, holding a bridge with hips

Single Leg Bridge

Bridge and hold with feet marching

Dead Lifts

Front Squats

Bent Over Unsupported Dumbbell Rows

Kettle Bell Halos

Kettle bell Swings

And the list can go on and on…

So build time into your training routine to add core strength training and your improvements will not only show up in your performance but your health and longevity in the sport will increase too.

If you have questions please feel free to contact me at VeloFit@gmail.com

Stay Fit Stay Healthy with NORTH FITNESS, Your Direction to Health and Fitness!

Aerobic Base Training = Going Slower to Get Faster

That's right! Building a successful base by training at a slower, aerobic pace, will actually help your overall endurance sport performance - Jamii North,  NORTH FITNESS     

One of the hardest concepts for an athlete to understand and implement is base training. It is counterintuitive to run or bike slowly in order to gain performance later in the season. It is also very difficult to take a step back from the intense training you were doing a few weeks ago, and bring the speed and pace way down. But if you have the discipline to train aerobically for a period of time, when everyone else is still hammering away, it will pay you great dividends down the road.

First and foremost you need to take a break from your sport of choice if you haven’t already. I prescribe a 3-4 week transition phase at the end of each season and immediately follow it with base training. Transition is a time to rest and recover both physically and mentally. We do not take total time off because the fitness loss takes too long to make up. Instead I give my athletes maximum flexibility with their training, plenty of rest, and tell them to leave the heart rate monitor at home. This gives them a few weeks to refocus before we begin structured base training. You cannot train hard year round without taking regular periods of reduced volume and intensity. If you attempt to you will in all likelihood find yourself burned out, over trained, and perhaps injured. You will also find your performance degrading rather than improving. Most athletes build base in the fall and winter when there are not a lot of races.

Physiology of base training

There are two basic energy systems you use when training; anaerobic and aerobic. Unfortunately, you cannot build both your aerobic and anaerobic systems at the same time with great success. The idea behind base training is to train your aerobic energy system specifically and solely. Why is this important? The more work you perform aerobically, or in the presence of oxygen, the more efficient you are. Prolonged aerobic training produces muscular adaptations that improves oxygen transport to the muscles, reduces the rate of lactate production, improves the rate of lactate removal, and increases energy production and utilization which all occur slowly.

Fat being the primary fuel source for the aerobic energy system, over the course of a base period your body learns to more readily break down and utilize fat as an energy source. As an added bonus this adaptation helps post exercise fat metabolism as well. This is an important factor, especially for long distance athletes. The fat we have in our bodies could provide enough energy to perform long distance events back to back, whereas muscle glycogen depletion can occur in as little as one hour. The less muscle glycogen you utilize, the more efficient you are. Contrary to the aerobic system, the anaerobic system consumes carbohydrate rapidly and the byproduct is lactic acid.  This system is used up in a relatively short amount of time, but allows for very high intensity bursts.

Other adaptations of aerobic training include increased stroke volume of the heart, capillary density, and mitochondrial density. Stroke volume increase simply means that your heart pumps more blood per beat. Mitochondria are structures within muscle cells that produce energy from fat and carbohydrate oxidation. Regular endurance training has been shown to double the concentration of these structures. By increasing capillary density we can effectively transport more blood to the working muscles. The process of building capillaries occurs gradually. Because high stress training breaks down capillaries, base training is best for allowing the slow growth of capillaries.

Base progression

There should be progression during base season as with any other training period. I normally prescribe 12-16 weeks of base training every year. This will vary with athlete's fitness level, and the type of event they will be peaking for. Over the course of base I progress from the low end of the aerobic energy system and gradually proceed in steps to the high end. The heart rate zones I use fall into the 75-90% range of lactate threshold or 65-85% of max heart rate. I also incorporate specific strength training at an aerobic level. This entails different types of high cadence cycling and slow hill running or even walking. These work outs also increase in volume throughout base. Base training is an excellent time to work on form and economy as well. As intensities increase later in the season it is harder for the athlete to concentrate on form. By establishing good economy habits early in the season the athlete will carry them forward. It also important to keep the athlete's mind moving with drills and technique work when they are training at low intensity to keep boredom at bay. Base training does not mean you will never move fast. Run strides, foot speed drills, and fast pedal work will all be integrated but for short bursts and few repetitions. Towards the end of base I start power work but use brief durations and full recovery between efforts.

How does this transfer into performance gain?

Let me give you a hypothetical example. Suppose athlete Susie runs a 7 min. mile at lactate threshold. Her fastest aerobic pace, or aerobic threshold, is an 8 min. mile. We start off Susie's base training at the low end aerobic zones at which she runs a 9 min. mile pace. Over the course of her 12 week base program the above mentioned adaptations occur. At the end of the base season she now runs a 7:30 min. mile- aerobically. This is the base for Susie to build on for the rest of her season. Improving on the previous season is now more obtainable with proper training. If Susie's race is an Iron Man in which the aerobic energy system is used predominantly this improvement in aerobic speed is crucial.

Now the hard part?

The hard part of base training is having the discipline to train at these low intensities. It may mean running very slowly or even walking. It may mean separating from your training group in order to pursue your individual goals. It also means avoiding the contest of egos that group training often turns into. If you can find a training partner with similar goals and fitness level you may be able to train with them, but more often than not what I see is a base work gone awry when taking part on group rides and runs. Even spending short amounts of time above your aerobic zone degrades the work out.

Ride slow and you too can enjoy the GREAT views!

The area between the top of the aerobic threshold and anaerobic threshold is somewhat of a no man’s land of fitness. It is a mix of aerobic and anaerobic states. For the amount of effort the athlete puts forth, not a whole lot of fitness is produced. It does not train the aerobic or anaerobic energy system to a high degree. This area does have its place in training; it is just not in base season. Unfortunately this area is where I find a lot of athletes spending the majority of their seasons, which seriously slows their aerobic development. The athletes heart rate shoots up to this zone with little power or speed being produced when it gets there.

Another issue is having accurate zones. I regularly performance test my athletes in order to ensure their zones are correct and to confirm their training. After performing many of these tests, and comparing them to race data, I get a very clear estimate of lactate threshold. I use a percentage of LTHR to determine individual zones. I also recommend validation through clinical testing (yes an actual blood draw, though expensive is very informative). I have witnessed athletes using zones that are several years old, assuming fitness has improved over this time their zones would no longer be accurate and they may have spent an entire base season training the wrong energy system.

You have to let your anaerobic system atrophy during base in order to have a sustainable level of fitness to now work at the higher intensities. This means you will lose some of your anaerobic endurance and the ability to sustain speed near lactate threshold. Expect to lose some top end coming out of base, but this is what you are going to spend the rest of your season working on. It often takes several seasons to see the result of sound base training if you are a novice athlete. Be patient, it is a process that is slow and cannot be rushed, but the sooner you get started the faster you will be amazed at your results.

Now get out there are start riding slowly!

The Road to Tri...To Do or Not to Do, That is the Question



A week ago I had a friend ask me if I would do an Ironman Triathlon with her next year. My first thought was oh hell no; I haven't swam since junior high. Just imagine doing a 2.4 mile swim and then following that with 112 miles on a bike, THEN follow that with a full marathon...yeah that’s what is involved in doing an Ironman distance. So I decided to ponder the idea for a few days, and ponder that I did. I started thinking of all the reasons why I should NOT do the event. Reasons ranging from its going to cost too much money, to how will I find the time, I'm going to have to get up and train at 4am some days just to get in my 2 a days in.

Well having limited time to sign up I decided to go with a sure why not. Well sure why not isn't really what I'm thinking now. I'm going back to all those negative thoughts from the few days thinking this over and stopped myself dead in my tracks and said I am going to take this challenge. I will face my fears head on and I will become a stronger person because of this event. I am now looking at this event not as I have to go out there and win it (this is my mentality in bike racing), but instead I need to go out there and compete against myself NOT to give up. I see this as a personal challenge to overcome all the obstacles I have been challenged with in my young life, it’s my little way of squashing all that has stopped me in the past, to give me new hope for my strength in my future.

SO then what’s next? Well as a fitness trainer, endurance sport coach, and competitive cyclist myself I know what to tell other people to do for their training. Now I am seeing a blank calendar for myself. It’s an interesting feeling right now knowing what I have to do to train, but really how will I do it. That is what you will get to read about over the next 7 months till the event. I will be logging my training for you all to see and follow if you like. Think of it as a FREE Ironman training program, scientifically designed AND tested.

Stay tuned for more…next blog on the Road to Tri will be In the Beginning, all the info you should gather before you start your program.