Offseason: What is it, and what should I be doing during it?

Whether you are a competitive triathlete, or just looking to maintain optimum health, your training needs to have what we call an “off-season.” This is a time to rest, refresh, plan and prepare for the next season. Give yourself both a physical and mental break. You may gain perspective on your prior training, or decide it’s time to switch things up completely. 

For multisport/endurance sports the end of the year/winter is considered offseason. This is the time between your last race of the year and the beginning of next year’s focused training plan. This can last anywhere from 3-4 months. 

Many driven individuals have a hard time taking time off, it’s seen as “I’m losing my fitness”, or some say, “I’m being lazy”. In actuality, the off-season is just the opposite. Time to allow your body the chance to recover from all the trauma (yes exercise to the extent we put it through is trauma), time to mentally recover, time to catch up with family and friends, and also time to plan for your next season.

Here are a few tips on how to make the most of your off-season.

1. REST: Easier said than done. It’s recommended to take as long as two weeks away from all workouts, followed by relatively light workouts to get you rolling. This leads me to the concept of periodization. Which is strategically planning your training calendar so you have various phases of training throughout the weeks and months of your in-season training. 

If you ended your season with major or minor injuries, rest is a good idea. This may be a good time to visit a physical therapist for help with your injuries, or a sports mobility coach for help with your mobility issues. 

2. Mix It Up: Cross-train. The occasional swim/bike or run doesn’t hurt, but the key is to break the routine of your in-season workouts. This is the best time to begin to incorporate weight training, especially heavy lifting and powerlifting into your routine.
   
   

3. Set Goals: There are two parts to goal setting, internally and externally driven. 

Internal: Look over your prior year’s performance, how pleased are you with your races and your injury status? You may realize that you want to dramatically improve your swim times, get fast on the bike, or that you have a nagging IT band issue that you need to address before hard training again. Or maybe this upcoming year is the year you jump up to a much longer distance, or a more competitive age group.

Improvements in your desired growth areas can become part of your goals for next season. Don’t forget to set a goal for how to take action on each line item goal. To become a better swimmer, maybe you need to join a local masters swim group, or even get one-on-one coaching to address that IT band issue. Perhaps you need to set a series of appointments with a therapist or rehab specialist.

External: Now let's look at the calendar. Find the races you are interested in participating in and place them on a calendar. Once on the calendar look to see how far apart they are spaced out. You may have some a few weeks apart, or others months apart. The important part now is to decide which ones are your “A” races, the ones you want to be in top shape for and maybe are hoping for a podium finish, or maybe an overall top finish. Then do the same with the rest of the races, labeling them B, C, and D of lesser importance or focus. Think about other likely family or work commitments too - it's not fun being in peak training mode right when you are taking your family on a trip to Europe. Whatever works for you, be intentional about your races so your training plan has a definition and focus.

4.Start Your Base Training

After a few weeks of resting your body, breaking out of old habits, and doing some cross-training, it’s time to begin base training. This base training is characterized by low-intensity but consistent training that allows your body to establish both a cardiovascular and muscular base of fitness before adding intensity and distance. That being said, now is the best time to be hitting the BIG weights, and working your power movements. Obviously, you need to build up to them, improving your mobility to get lower into your squat so you can engage the end-range muscle better and get a fuller range of strength. This practice of routine structured workouts will help your mental toughness later in the harder stages of training. 

Your off-season time is a great time to experiment with new techniques or training inputs. From looking at your nutrition and hydration options, to swimming or run form analysis, or maybe you haven't been up for power meter input yet. Now is the best time to start to play with these new modalities, instead of race week or even race day.

5.Find or Create a Plan

Some people like to wait until the offseason is over to start looking at the race/event calendar. I challenge you to look now. Use this time to see what events you might want to do, and see if they fit into your calendar, obviously working around family and work stuff. Once you have an idea of your events it’s time to sit down and look at whether these are feasible for you. Meaning, if you did these same events last year, but you never felt quite prepared, maybe you had too many events, or maybe you didn’t plan your training peak for the right time. These issues can cause some people stress. You don’t have to stress alone. Maybe this year it’s time for a coach. Coaches are there for more than just creating a program to follow. They provide feedback on your race calendar and can help you set up your plan of attack for the season/year. They can also help you figure out why last year you didn’t peak or peaked too soon. 

6.Check Your Gear

Your bike may have had a squeak or felt sluggish in the braking power, or your goggles are fogging up on all of your swims. Offseason can be a great time to do both maintenance and gear inventory. Doing this maintenance when you don’t have an urgent ride or race in just a few days away can be fun, and for sure much less stressful. You may even learn that you like certain parts of bike maintenance, and this can help save you time and stress during the season.

This time of year is also a good time to get discounts on all your gear as manufacturers are closing out on last year's models. Old models of gear work well, sometimes better than the first iteration on a new one where all the kinks have already been worked out. If you wait closer to the season there is a good chance that gear prices will go up as demand increases. Also really important:  make sure everything you use is in good working order. This goes for your bike, helmet, bike shoes, bike computer, running shoes, watch, glasses, wet suit, swimsuit and goggles. Perhaps your bike helmet is past its safety range and it’s time to replace it. Or maybe your tires were not as grippy or maybe too heavy for your liking, or just worn out, now is a good time to replace them.

This is the perfect time to make changes like going tubeless or switching to disk brakes. Switching in the offseason gives you time to learn some of the ins and outs of what these changes entail.

Use your offseason to recover from your prior racing/event season and also prepare for the next one. Just because it’s the offseason doesn’t mean you lose structure and discipline in your workouts, instead, it’s about consciously taking a break, and taking the time to evaluate and decide what routines to walk away from that don’t suit you, and replacing them with ones that help you thrive and enter your next season with proper goals for you, renewed health and even better base conditioning than last year.

Week 9, Training For 50K Trail Race

Anniversary weekend is over and full recovery has occurred. Time to hit the pavement again. This week I'm going to be doing a bunch more Zone 2 training with some Zone 4/5 thrown in for extra adaptations. It also helps after doing a lot of the long slow Zone 2 training to break up the monotony with some higher effort Zone 4/5 training.

 Week 9 Training Plan: (5th - 11th October)

Monday: Rest and Recovery, Mobility 30+ minutes.

Tuesday: Run: Hill Repeats 4 x 1/2 mile, Strength 30 minutes.

Wednesday: 75 minute fun leisurely Bike ride, Core strength 30 min.

Thursday: Run 8.5 miles on the trails keeping Zone 2, Strength 30 minutes.

Friday: Trainer ride 1 hour working Neuromuscular Activation, Mobility 30 mins.

Saturday: Outdoor team ride 4 hours lots of climbing.

Sunday: Trail run 16 miles keeping Zone 2 as best I can with the hills.

First workout of the week happened at Rancho San Antonio preserve again. This time instead of parking at the elementary school outside the park, I drove into the park and got a front row space near the bathrooms. From here it was just a smidge over 2 miles to the start of the hill I decided to use for todays hill repeats. Normally I go up Rogue Valley trail  to the top, but it would have been a 2.6 mile warm up just to get to the base of the main climb. Instead I opted for a new to me trail, the Chemise trail just off lower Rogue Valley. Turns out this trail is quite steep in places and I definitely got the leg strength workout that was planned, which also gave me some great Zone 5 training as well. The best part about this trail is that no one else was on it. Maybe it was the time of day or maybe just because it's so exposed people don't want to use it. But I loved having the trail to myself to huff and puff and slog my way up and down it 4 times. Unfortunately I forgot my GoPro so I have no video or photo of the trail (from that day), but trust me from my other pics and video's there is no difference between this one and all the others in the park. It's wide, dusty, and steep. 

**This is the steep section on Chamise trail I took from my video's of Sunday's run.**

This week I got to ride outside for a fun filled leisurely 75 minute stroll which took place just before lunch on Wednesday. It was a perfect day to be outside, the sun was shining, the temps were a cool 65 and hardly a car on the road. Can't ask for much better than that. The nice easy bike spin was really goof for stretching out my legs from the hill repeats I did on Tuesday, and to prepare my legs for more hills on Thursday.

Thursday's run was just an easy Zone 2 trail run at Rancho again. I took my usual route up Rogue Valley to the top and today I just got to turn right around and head back down. The leaves were noticeably different than the last several runs here. You could tell fall is here, as there were many laves falling or already on the ground. The light coming in through the trees felt different, and the air again cooler.

**This was taken at mile 7 of Sunday's run. This is looking towards Cupertino/San Jose.**

Skipping Friday's trainer ride as it was not much to report, just an hour doing high cadence spinning while keeping my heart rate low. Only good thing about those sessions is that I usually get to watch some crazy YouTuber doing insane stunts and generally just get to zone out for a short bit. 

Saturday however was supposed to be 4 hours of climbing, which got changed to a 3 hour ride with some climbing. Once out on the route and about 45 minutes in my legs were starting to feel more tired than normal. At that point we were about to climb Page Mill road. That is not an easy road to climb, and I made a last minute decision to save my legs for the onslaught they were going to get Sunday for my run. So instead of heading up Page Mill from Altamont, I headed down the hill and stayed on the flats for the rest of my ride.

**On the Quarry Trail loop headed back down the hill toward PG&E trail.**

I made sure to get plenty of rest Saturday night, plus I wore my compression sleeves for several hours after my bike ride to make sure my legs got plenty of recovery. Then before I knew it, it was Sunday morning and time to run my longest run since 2014. For breakfast I had 2 slices of toast with butter, cinnamon and a sprinkle of brown coconut sugar plus a cup of coffee with oat milk. 

In my backpack today I planned for being out running for about 3 hours. So I brought 1.5 liters of fluids in my 4 bottles that fit nicely in this new pack. I filled 1 liter of that with the Clif Hydration mix I've been using, and the remaining 0.5 liter was plain water. I also brought food for 200 calories an hour plus extra in case I was out longer than expected. Also since this was a new trail for me and quite far from any homes or roads I also packed a small can of pepper spray as I was told the chance of seeing a mountain lion up there is petty good. I also brought a map of the park that I folded and put into a plastic baggie so I can read it without it getting soaking wet from sweat. In the baggie I tossed a couple band aids and some moleskin just in case I got blisters. Last but certainly not least I brought my GoPro. 

The run started off my usual from the car park to the Farm is 1.75 miles, then the course starts to increase in elevation just a slight bit, maybe a 1 or 2% grade. The Rogue trail is where I started, and at mile 2.5 in my run I turned off onto the Chemise trail. Initially it looks steep, but it didn't feel that bad. However at mile 3.5 till mile 5 that trail gets very steep. It was steep enough that I would alternate between fast walking and super short step running. This trail is also very open with no shade until the top, but great views of the Rogue Valley trail and out towards Los Altos and Cupertino.

Once I hit the top of Chamise at the start of the Black Mountain trail connection the trail "flattened" out a bit. But that flatter trail enjoyment didn't last long. It was about mile 5.8 when the trail kicked back up for the next 2.4 unrelenting miles. The steepness of the trail meant that there were many switchbacks, but also at times some pretty amazing views of the South Bay. All these amazing views I'm talking about can be seen in the video just below. 

 

Now the steepest part of the trail was yet to come. At mile 7.5 is when I hit the last section of trail that would lead me up to the top of Black Mountain. To get close to hear by car you would drive to the intersection of Page Mill road and Skyline Boulevard, just to give you an idea of where I was. At my highest point I was at 760 meters up or 2500 feet of elevation. The peak of Black Mountain trail tops out at 850 meters, so you can see I still wasn't even at the top, but for my legs today I was. 

This is where I stopped talked to the camera tying to get a good picture of the steepness of the last section of trail, and just to take in the amazing views from here. At this point I could truly say it was all downhill from there. One the way down I had to take the Quarry loop trail which hooked up with the top of PG& E trail. The Quarry loop trail was really interesting as I felt like I was in a maze. The trail itself was a single track trail, with the brush along the side being only 6feet in height and it just twisted and turned for the next 2 miles. The neat part about this trail is even tough it was narrow, steep and eerily like a corn maze, every now and then you would get a view of the Bay and this day did not disappoint. The sky was so clear and blue and fresh I couldn't help but to turn on the GoPro and try to catch as much as I could. 

**View from the top of my run at 8.1 miles and 2600 feet of elevation, and I'm still not at the top of this trail, it goes up another 200 feet.**

Once I got to the bottom of the trail and back to my car, I had my post workout protein shake ready to guzzle down. I also ended up guzzling down my last 500 mL of water I hadn't drank yet. Note to self need to drink more water during the run, drinking 1 liter for 2 hours and 40 minutes of running is not enough for me.    

For he rest of the day Sunday I keep pretty quiet. My compression sleeves were on for about 3 hours, and I sat with my legs elevated as much as I could. A good hearty meal was also in store for me about 2 hours post end of the run. This lunch consisted of a toasted turkey sandwich with mayo, and a side of romanesco broccoli and cauliflower, sauteed in a butter garlic cream sauce, plus more water.

This week ended my 4 week cycle of building up some decent long miles. Next week will be a rest week, but there will still be plenty of activities.

Zone 2 Training For Endurance Sports

You have probably heard a lot lately about how Zone 2, or steady state training is bad for you. When I'm asked that question, I respond with "that depends". Ugh, I know terrible question, but it really does depend on what your goals are. If you are looking to improve your general health and fitness along with your strength and body composition, especially for women, then you bet Zone 2 is not going to be your main focus. However, anyone who has trained for a specific goal or event will have some form of structured training which is based on different training zones. Or more specifically heart rate training zones, and yes Zone 2 is the main one you'll be training in.

These Zones are numbered 1 through 5, and sometimes 5+. While training all the different zones is necessary for performance improvement, Zone 2 training is by far the most important part of the endurance training program. The purpose of each training zone is to elicit specific physiological and metabolic adaptations in order to improve performance, and it's important to know what physiological and metabolic adaptations occur while in each zone and how they can be improved in training. 

To understand this, first we need to have an understanding of basic physiology and muscle metabolism. Oh yeah I said it more Bio-Chem here. If you don't care to read about the wonderful world of bio-chem skip down to the section on How Do You Find Zone 2.

Energy Systems

Three energy systems contribute different amounts towards re-synthesizing the compound Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), the "energy currency" of our body. With the help of our mitochondria which processes ATP, this is how we get our muscles to make the contractions for movement. The main energy system we utilize depends on the intensity, type and duration of the exercise being performed, as well as the fuel sources available and the fitness levels of the individual. These systems are also dependent on whether we use oxygen (aerobic) or not (anaerobic). They are:

1. The ATP-CP System (Anaerobic): lasts up to about 10 seconds of very high intensity efforts. An example of this would be doing an explosive Olympic lift, or a 100 meter sprint. The ATP-CP system uses a stored molecule in the muscle called creatine phosphate (CP) to resynthesize ATP. It is the breakdown of this molecule that releases the energy needed to rejoin the ADP and free phosphate to form ATP. This system is anaerobic as it works without oxygen, and does not produce any waste products. This is Zone 5 & 5+

2. The Lactate System (Anaerobic): is the active system used from 30 seconds to 3 minutes of high intensity efforts. An example of this would be doing a set of HIITS, and anything up to about an 800 meter sprint. The Lactate system uses glucose to help create ATP. It breaks down the glucose molecule into pyruvic acid through anaerobic glycolysis (the splitting of sugars). Through this anaerobic glycolysis system chemical energy is released and used to synthesize two ATP molecules for every glucose molecule used.  This is Zone 4.

3. The Aerobic System: this is the active system our body uses to sustain long duration low intensity efforts. Think 5k, 10k and up. This system needs oxygen to be present for the creation of ATP and will use one of three processes (Aerobic glycolysis, Krebs cycle or Electron transport chain feel free to look those up if you are curious) to create it. It's a slow process and thus is it used for lower intensity demands but can continue for long periods of time. This is Zone 1 & 2.

**Found this chart on a Google search, not my own. It gives a good visual of what I was talking about as far as how long each energy system lasts, and that there is some overlap between them.**

Physiological and Metabolic Adaptations of Zone 2 Training

Performing most of your training in Zone 2 will help you build endurance, durability and strength. In addition, these easy training sessions help you...

1. Increase the number and density of your mitochondria - as you know from reading earlier the mitochondria is where the muscle gets it's energy to cause muscle contractions.

2. Increased capillary pathways - means more oxygen carrying capacity, and more ability to keep going.

3. Increase Stroke volume - amount of blood pumped out per beat; more blood means more oxygen and longer duration exercise.

4. Increased Fat burning capability - your body can more easily access the fat and use it for energy.

5. Increased lactate clearance - the mitochondria had the ability to break down the lactate and reuse it.

6. Increased blood plasma - the liquid part of the blood that carries cells and proteins.

7. Allows you to increase your training volume without beating up your body.

How Do You Find You Zone 2

There are a couple ways to calculate your heart rate ranges. If you do not have a heart rate monitor or prefer not to use one, you will have to train by feel. Without the heart rate monitor, you should feel like you can breathe through your nose while you are exercising and you can carry on full sentences. However if you want to have a bit more data, you will need a heart rate monitor. 

One of the best ways to get started with heart rate training is to calculate your heart rate reserve (HRR). First start with gathering the following numbers:

1. Max Heart Rate: 220 - your age = MHR

2. Find your Resting Heart rate (RHR), this is taken immediately when you wake up, before sitting up.

3. Find your Hear Rate Reserve (HRR): Subtracting your Resting Heart Rate from your Max Heart Rate. 

4. Multiply HRR by the Zone percentage you want to calculate, Zone 2 = 65-75%

5. Add back in your RHR to each of the calculated numbers in #4 to get your range for Zone 2.

For the other zones, the ranges are: Zone 3 multiply by 75-85%; Zone 4 multiply by 85-95%; Zone 5 multiply by 95-100%; Zone 5+ anything higher than Zone 5.  

Here is an example: Let's say you are 43 years old, with a resting heart rate is 55 beats per minute.

MHR - RHR = HRR

(HRR x 65%) + RHR = Lower end Zone 2

(HRR x 75%) + RHR = Higher end Zone 2

220 - 43 = 177 MHR

177 - 55 = 122 HRR

122 x 65% = 79.3

122 x 75% = 91.5

79.3 + 55 = 134.3, Zone 2 low end

91.5 + 55 = 146.5, Zone 2 high end

According to this method this person's Zone 2 Heart Rate is 134 to 146 beats. This means in order for this person to train at a Zone 2 training threshold they would need to keep their heart rate in that range, preferably closer to the lower end. Now this isn't the most accurate way to get your zones, but it's the best way for someone new to heart rate training, or just new to training in general. If you are interested in the more advanced method of attaining your actual Zone 2 threshold please feel free to ask me for help.

What About Zone 3?

You may have noticed I did not mention Zone 3 in the energy systems above. The reason is that Zone 3 is this grey area in performance training. Your body uses a mix of Lactate and Aerobic systems, with no specific ratio of either. So when you hang out in the Zone 3 "Grey Zone" your body isn't getting the best adaptations it can due to the mixing of the systems. In this zone you aren't going fast enough to improve speed or power, and you aren't going slow enough to improve the cardiovascular benefits mentioned earlier, plus the recovery time from Zone 3 is much more than Zone 2. 

To wrap things up. Knowing what your heart rate training zones are will benefit you in many ways. It's not just for endurance athletes, but also those trying to keep a good health and fitness routine. So the next time you head out for your workout, make sure you know what the purpose of your training session is, and know what zone or zones you should be working out in. 

Give this a try and let's see how you feel doing your Zone 2 training with these new numbers.

Week 3 Base Training for 50K Trail Race

This is a long post, I hope you're ready for some serious details!

This has been a difficult week due to the poor air quality yet again, but we just have to make due for now. I'm just happy that the fires are finally starting to have some containment happening.   

Week 3 Training Plan: (24th-30th August 2020)

Monday: REST day, Mobility 30 minutes. 

Tuesday: Run 8 miles at easy pace with 2 elevated miles. Strength 60 minutes.

Wednesday: Run 5 miles easy pace. Core strength 30 minutes.

Thursday: Bike trainer 45 minutes, high cadence with a couple high intensity sprints. 

Friday: Run 6 miles at slightly faster than easy pace.

Saturday: Bike outside 3 hours with one 10 minute high intensity interval.

Sunday: Trail run 13 miles.

This week started off with an 8 mile run on Tuesday that I almost wasn't able to do. However thanks to purpleair.com, I was able to find a pocket of air that was safe and below AQI 50, I took a little drive out to Crystal Springs reservoir (and so did many other runners and cyclists) to get my run done. Because I was going to be more than 30 minutes from the time I finished my run till the time I got home and could make myself a post workout shake, I took it with me in a cooler in my car. I cannot tell you how nice that is to finish a hard run, do your cool down routine and have that chilled protein shake ready to suck down immediately. Yum!!!

Wednesday's run had to happen in the late afternoon right before the Core class that I teach/take. My intestines were not happy that day, and with a mile to go (luckily I was close to home) I made a quick pit stop to empty them. I'm pretty sure this had to do with the 2 greyhound drinks I had the night before. My body doesn't seem to like it when I have alcohol after a hard effort. In any case I was able to complete my run, and made it to class just in time. 

Because I'm spending so much more time running now, I really look forward to the bike workout days. Thursday's workout was the perfect way to break up the week, it had a couple super high intensity sprints, and 2 longer sustained moderately high intensity efforts. The focus however is to keep my cadence high during the bike workouts so I don't overload the muscles and take away from their ability to produce power for my run the next day.

Fridays run was supposed to be a simple 6 mile effort at a zone 2 heart rate. Unfortunately the air never went below 120 all day, nor was I able to find any clean air pockets in driving distance. So Friday was a missed workout day. 

Saturday was a long ride day, and got out for about 3 hours and kept it mostly zone 2 but with one 10 minute hard effort. For some weird reason I never really felt like I was relaxing into the ride. From start to finish I felt like my legs were working at 100% even though my heart rate was at 60-80% effort. Thank's to some awesome teammates we all finished our intended ride with a smile on our faces. By the time I got back to my car after the ride I was feeling okay enough to get a few run miles in. Off I went with my new handheld water bottle. I had no idea how many of the 6 miles I missed yesterday that I would be able to do today, so at every mile when I would take a sip of water and switch hands holding the bottle, I would do a little self check in. I'd ask myself how do I feel? How is your hear rate? Can you go one more mile easily? As long as all those were positive answers I kept running. Before I knew it my 6 miles were up and I was back at my car pulling out my recovery shake and another bottle of super cold water (all waiting in the ice cooler I keep in my trunk).

Having done those 2 workouts on Saturday I had burned 1800 calories. So now I needed to replace them, NOT all at once, but over the course of the rest of the day. Actually let me start with my breakfast...2 cups of Zoegas coffee with oat milk, 2 slices of cinnamon raisin bread with butter, and one of my own personal made energy bites (chocolate chip energy bites recipe). One the bike I had 2 more of my energy bites, 2 Clif shot blocks (Black Cherry flavor, plus caffeine), half of a peanut butter and apricot jelly sandwich, and 40 ounces/1180ml of water. During my run I had 2 more shot blocks and 200ml of water. Finally Post run I had my protein recovery shake, 20 more ounces of water and the other half of the PB&J sandwich. By this time in the day I have now consumed 1,424 calories and still needed 1,800 to not suffer on my run for Sunday.

The rest of the day went pretty well as far as nutrition and hydration. I had our leftover homemade turkey meatloaf with sauteed purple cabbage, of which I had a double serving of both for lunch. Then followed that up for dinner, feeling too tired to cook so had a charcuterie plate consisting of blue diamond pecan nut thin crackers, a serving of lite salami, and ounce or two of herbed goat cheese, turkey pepperoni, jicama sticks with hummus, cherry tomatoes, and an Omission Lager, plus another glass of water.  

Nutrition Facts for Saturday:

Breakfast: 418kcal, 59g Carbohydrates, 17g Fat, 11g Protein

Snack on Bike: 535kcal, 67g Carbs, 20g Fat, 11g Protein

Snack on Run: 67kcal, 16g Carbs

Post workout Nutrition: 404kcal, 39g Carbs, 13g Fat, 35g Protein

Lunch: 618kcal, 43g Carbs, 23g Fat, 55g Protein

Dinner: 657kcal, 49g Carbs, 28g Fat, 33 Protein

Snack: 200kcal, 44g Carbs, 4g Fat, 0g Protein

Total for Day: 2,899kcal, 317g Carbs (56%), 105g Fat(20%), 145g Protein(26%)

Looking back on that I actually see that I had too much in the way of simple carbohydrates and not enough healthy carbs. What do I mean by that? I ate too much plain bread and sweets, instead of enough veggies. If you look the only real veggies I had all day was a double serving of purple cabbage at lunch, and a small helping of jicama with dinner. I do normally have more veggies, and if I had cooked dinner there would have been more veggies mixed in that day.

It's finally Sunday and time for my long trail run and testing out my new trail running shoes. I've been using Brooks Mazama trail racing shoes, they are low profile with a 6mm drop from heel to toe and meant for short to medium distance trail races. To date they had just shy of 400 miles on them and the last couple runs of 10-12 miles were causing blisters on both feet at the outside edges of my big and small toes. I knew it was time to switch shoes and I decided to look into ones that had more of a foot shaped toe box. I did some research and even asked some seasoned Ultra trail runners what they use. To my surprise the brand Altra was what I had been thinking would work, and those shoes got many votes from the trail runners in my community. I purchased the Altra Lone Peak 4.5 trail shoe and took them out for my Sunday run. 

Thirteen miles in brand new shoes might scare some people but I knew the trail I was running and so this would be a great way to compare them with my old runners. At first I could feel the zero drop from heel to toe, I felt sluggish in my transition from landing to take off. Once I got on the trail however I didn't notice the sluggishness anymore, instead I felt the amazing traction they had. Keep in mind the trail I ran was hard pack and very dry, but with lots of small gravel and sand. At times the trail does have some rocks and roots, but it's mostly dirt and gravel. They felt great all the way to the top of the hill. Now the true test of these shoes, how will they feel coming back down the hill. Because I wanted to get a good feel for them I decided to haul it down, safely of course, but to really push the speed to test their grip, and their forefoot feel. They did not disappoint! There was no slipping on the ground surface, plus I had no hot spots on my feet nor did I get blisters on the outsides of my toes. Success, both in my run and for another week of hard training.

Next week is a rest week. Woot!

Week 1 Base Training for 50K Trail Race

Now that I have chosen a race and I know when, Saturday High Noon on 5 December 2020, there are 17 weeks till the race, it's time to train. The first block of training will be focusing on getting used to being on my feet many more miles per week than I have been. One thing to keep in mind is my training has been focused on sprint and olympic distance Duathlons for the past 4 years, so I have a decent base of fitness to get started with. 

Week 1 Training Plan (10th-16th August 2020) 

Monday: REST day, 30 minutes of mobility training using FRC principles. 

Tuesday: Bike trainer 65 minutes. Strength 60 minutes. Mobility 15 minutes.

Wednesday: 7 miles running with some speed work. Core strength 30 minutes.

Thursday: Easy pace 4 miles

Friday: Easy Pace 4 miles

Saturday: Bike ride 2.5-3 hours easy pace.

Sunday: Trail run 11 miles.

My first week consisted of 26 planned running miles with 2 days on the bike for cross training and overall cardiovascular fitness. The first week of my training went well, and I was able to hit all my workouts both in distance and effort. Then the weekend came along and a lightning storm hit the area early Sunday morning. It was a dry lightning storm which around here causes fires, and sure enough it set off several fires around the area. I was not able to get out for my long run on Sunday due to the lightning, and then the rest of my day was already booked. These type of things are going to happen all throughout my training, and I just need to remind myself everything will be okay. That first week I ended up putting in only 15 miles on foot, and 4 hours on the bike. It's important to  stay flexible!

View of the Fires in the Santa Cruz Mountains from the East Bay Hills (photo by Marc Canter)  

Planning ahead for week 2, I will be doing slightly longer "short" runs during the week. This is to be expected, but it also means I need something to do about my hydration. No longer will pre-hydrating be sufficient enough to carry me through, I will now have to carry water with me. No problem as I have a hydration pack for my long runs. But I was thinking that might be overkill for my 7, 8, 9 mile runs. What are the other options if you don't want to wear a hydration pack? Handheld and waist packs. Several years ago when I was training for an Ironman Triathlon someone gave me a waist pack to use for my long runs. Turns out they were not for me. At that time I was too bouncy of a runner and my bottles would go flying out of the holster, plus I didn't like to feeling of the pack bouncing on my hips. The only other option was handhelds. I had my leftover handheld but remembered it was too big for me to carry (I have small hands so wrapping my hand around it even with the strap was too bulky) and the spout on the thing made it near impossible to get water out of.  Time to go shopping.

Currently I use the Nathan Vapor Airess hydration pack used for my long runs, runs 10 miles and over.

After a quick bit of research I found that the handhelds were made much better now, and they come in several sizes. The size I decided to go with is the Nathan hydration 350 ml bottle with a handstrap and small pocket to store my keys. 

Week two of training I will be able to test this out. Stay tuned.

New Adventure: 50K Trail Race

 Uhm yeah I said it, 50K trail race! To be honest when my coach even suggested I do one I laughed inside. To date I've only done one Marathon and it was part of an Ironman distance triathlon. I've also done several half Marathon races. The half marathon is my favorite distance running race by far with 10K coming in a close second. So to even consider a 50K I must be crazy. 

I've always loved to try new things. Ever since I was a kid I loved experiencing new things, and that is still part of who I am today. However today there is a little bit of fear mixed in, you know that age thing reminds you you aren't invincible anymore, yeah that's me now. Good news though, this won't kill me but it surely will challenge me.  

So how far is 50K? It's approximately 31.1 miles. Yep that is LONGER than a marathon. I know you're thinking I'm crazy. I thought that too until I looked into this thing that's called Ultra racing. 50K is actually the shortest distance race, and I just found one that is a 240 mile race in Moab, Utah. YIKES!

After looking through the Ultra races my coach suggested, and chatting with some people who have done Ultra races, the thought of this new challenge started to create a feeling of excitement within me. This excitement started to create thoughts of how will I make this race happen. What is it like to do this distance? Is there anything I need equipment wise? What will my training be? Hey wait, I'll be able to go and train in new places, not to mention being able to race in a new place. My smile kept getting bigger and bigger, until finally I said yes! 

Next it came down to actually choosing a race. I went with the Capstone 50K in St. George, Utah because their events are still being held, and I can drive there from where I live. 

Now how do you train for this event? Lots of time spend on my feet, but also just as much time off my feet recovering. Not to mention better attention to my nutrition throughout the day and during my runs now. I'm going to have to learn to eat while running, whereas before my races were short enough that I could eat 3 hours before my race, then a snack 15 minutes before and I was set to go except for some water along the way. Now I will be on my feet racing for potentially up to 7 hours, and my body WILL need nutrition throughout.

The race in Utah is set up to be 5 laps of a 10K loop, with each lap having about 800 to 900 feet of vertical elevation. This also means I won't have to pack everything I need for the entire 50K in my pack, and they have a smorgosbord at the lap counter place. For now it's off the the planning table and off for my first couple weeks of training.   

Aerobic Base Training = Going Slower to Get Faster

That's right! Building a successful base by training at a slower, aerobic pace, will actually help your overall endurance sport performance - Jamii North,  NORTH FITNESS     

One of the hardest concepts for an athlete to understand and implement is base training. It is counterintuitive to run or bike slowly in order to gain performance later in the season. It is also very difficult to take a step back from the intense training you were doing a few weeks ago, and bring the speed and pace way down. But if you have the discipline to train aerobically for a period of time, when everyone else is still hammering away, it will pay you great dividends down the road.

First and foremost you need to take a break from your sport of choice if you haven’t already. I prescribe a 3-4 week transition phase at the end of each season and immediately follow it with base training. Transition is a time to rest and recover both physically and mentally. We do not take total time off because the fitness loss takes too long to make up. Instead I give my athletes maximum flexibility with their training, plenty of rest, and tell them to leave the heart rate monitor at home. This gives them a few weeks to refocus before we begin structured base training. You cannot train hard year round without taking regular periods of reduced volume and intensity. If you attempt to you will in all likelihood find yourself burned out, over trained, and perhaps injured. You will also find your performance degrading rather than improving. Most athletes build base in the fall and winter when there are not a lot of races.

Physiology of base training

There are two basic energy systems you use when training; anaerobic and aerobic. Unfortunately, you cannot build both your aerobic and anaerobic systems at the same time with great success. The idea behind base training is to train your aerobic energy system specifically and solely. Why is this important? The more work you perform aerobically, or in the presence of oxygen, the more efficient you are. Prolonged aerobic training produces muscular adaptations that improves oxygen transport to the muscles, reduces the rate of lactate production, improves the rate of lactate removal, and increases energy production and utilization which all occur slowly.

Fat being the primary fuel source for the aerobic energy system, over the course of a base period your body learns to more readily break down and utilize fat as an energy source. As an added bonus this adaptation helps post exercise fat metabolism as well. This is an important factor, especially for long distance athletes. The fat we have in our bodies could provide enough energy to perform long distance events back to back, whereas muscle glycogen depletion can occur in as little as one hour. The less muscle glycogen you utilize, the more efficient you are. Contrary to the aerobic system, the anaerobic system consumes carbohydrate rapidly and the byproduct is lactic acid.  This system is used up in a relatively short amount of time, but allows for very high intensity bursts.

Other adaptations of aerobic training include increased stroke volume of the heart, capillary density, and mitochondrial density. Stroke volume increase simply means that your heart pumps more blood per beat. Mitochondria are structures within muscle cells that produce energy from fat and carbohydrate oxidation. Regular endurance training has been shown to double the concentration of these structures. By increasing capillary density we can effectively transport more blood to the working muscles. The process of building capillaries occurs gradually. Because high stress training breaks down capillaries, base training is best for allowing the slow growth of capillaries.

Base progression

There should be progression during base season as with any other training period. I normally prescribe 12-16 weeks of base training every year. This will vary with athlete's fitness level, and the type of event they will be peaking for. Over the course of base I progress from the low end of the aerobic energy system and gradually proceed in steps to the high end. The heart rate zones I use fall into the 75-90% range of lactate threshold or 65-85% of max heart rate. I also incorporate specific strength training at an aerobic level. This entails different types of high cadence cycling and slow hill running or even walking. These work outs also increase in volume throughout base. Base training is an excellent time to work on form and economy as well. As intensities increase later in the season it is harder for the athlete to concentrate on form. By establishing good economy habits early in the season the athlete will carry them forward. It also important to keep the athlete's mind moving with drills and technique work when they are training at low intensity to keep boredom at bay. Base training does not mean you will never move fast. Run strides, foot speed drills, and fast pedal work will all be integrated but for short bursts and few repetitions. Towards the end of base I start power work but use brief durations and full recovery between efforts.

How does this transfer into performance gain?

Let me give you a hypothetical example. Suppose athlete Susie runs a 7 min. mile at lactate threshold. Her fastest aerobic pace, or aerobic threshold, is an 8 min. mile. We start off Susie's base training at the low end aerobic zones at which she runs a 9 min. mile pace. Over the course of her 12 week base program the above mentioned adaptations occur. At the end of the base season she now runs a 7:30 min. mile- aerobically. This is the base for Susie to build on for the rest of her season. Improving on the previous season is now more obtainable with proper training. If Susie's race is an Iron Man in which the aerobic energy system is used predominantly this improvement in aerobic speed is crucial.

Now the hard part?

The hard part of base training is having the discipline to train at these low intensities. It may mean running very slowly or even walking. It may mean separating from your training group in order to pursue your individual goals. It also means avoiding the contest of egos that group training often turns into. If you can find a training partner with similar goals and fitness level you may be able to train with them, but more often than not what I see is a base work gone awry when taking part on group rides and runs. Even spending short amounts of time above your aerobic zone degrades the work out.

Ride slow and you too can enjoy the GREAT views!

The area between the top of the aerobic threshold and anaerobic threshold is somewhat of a no man’s land of fitness. It is a mix of aerobic and anaerobic states. For the amount of effort the athlete puts forth, not a whole lot of fitness is produced. It does not train the aerobic or anaerobic energy system to a high degree. This area does have its place in training; it is just not in base season. Unfortunately this area is where I find a lot of athletes spending the majority of their seasons, which seriously slows their aerobic development. The athletes heart rate shoots up to this zone with little power or speed being produced when it gets there.

Another issue is having accurate zones. I regularly performance test my athletes in order to ensure their zones are correct and to confirm their training. After performing many of these tests, and comparing them to race data, I get a very clear estimate of lactate threshold. I use a percentage of LTHR to determine individual zones. I also recommend validation through clinical testing (yes an actual blood draw, though expensive is very informative). I have witnessed athletes using zones that are several years old, assuming fitness has improved over this time their zones would no longer be accurate and they may have spent an entire base season training the wrong energy system.

You have to let your anaerobic system atrophy during base in order to have a sustainable level of fitness to now work at the higher intensities. This means you will lose some of your anaerobic endurance and the ability to sustain speed near lactate threshold. Expect to lose some top end coming out of base, but this is what you are going to spend the rest of your season working on. It often takes several seasons to see the result of sound base training if you are a novice athlete. Be patient, it is a process that is slow and cannot be rushed, but the sooner you get started the faster you will be amazed at your results.

Now get out there are start riding slowly!